El propósito de este informe es presentar una investigación titulada "JUSSATUBA: UN TERRITORIO ÉTNICO EN LUCHA POR LOS DERECHOS", que se está desarrollando con la comunidad quilombola de Jussatuba, ubicada en el condado de São José de Ribamar y que integra la región metropolitana de el Estado de Maranhão. La investigación surge de mis observaciones y diálogos con los quilombolas de esta comunidad, enfrentando la percepción de su contexto social ante el escenario resultante de especulaciones e invasiones de parte de su ámbito territorial, desafiando y amenazando la preservación de su cultura material e inmaterial. patrimonio y consecuentemente de su territorialidad étnica. Y, se ha constituido centrado en el eje Narrativa, memoria e identidades colectivas en la Amazonía; una de las líneas de investigación de la Maestría en Cartografía Social y Política de la Amazonía, que ofrece el Programa de Posgrado de esta Universidad y de la que soy estudiante. A la luz de lo anterior, corresponde a este informe manifestar el interés en la investigación por comprender cómo se da el proceso de resistencia y afirmación de su identidad étnica, así como el empoderamiento de la valoración de la identidad y pertenencia ante el rostro de las interferencias externas que están presentes. El informe contiene mis primeros descubrimientos y observaciones con esta comunidad étnica y una propuesta de estructura a trabajar en la continuidad de esta investigación, considerando la flexibilidad de cambios de acuerdo a las necesidades en el proceso de los objetivos y su trayectoria.

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Dispositive; Effects; Indigenous People; Mining

This dissertation analyzes the trajectory of the street markets in São Luís from the perspective of the stallholders, both those who sell and those who buy. As free fairs correspond to public equipment, it is articulated with governments to meet the needs of the population. In this sense, this analysis is justified because there are few studies that bring the voices of those who are in that field of activity every day. In this way, I hope that this study opens new possibilities for other fields. This study is part of the field of Anthropology and, more specifically, in the line of narratives, memories and collective identities from which I sought theoretical basis. Methodologically, I opted for a timeframe that encompasses the creation of free fairs for small producers in the 1980s, that is, (1982-2023) which is the time that we can visualize important changes. I looked for different sources, both official produced by the State, and oral ones that added to the literature of other renowned authors on the subject. In this work, I sought the historical origin of the fairs from the reports of stallholders who work in this activity since the early years. Many observations and interactions could only be made using the ethnographic method, especially in the analysis of the structure and operation of the fairs where I watched the setting up in the morning, the operation during the day and the dismantling of the stalls at night. I tried to observe through the perspective of those who are living the work at the street market, that is, its regulars, to try to discover their concerns, their way of working, how they established themselves as marketers and how they learned new knowledge. To this end, I applied research techniques such as interviews that were very useful to overcome the difficulties of approximation in an exchange environment that is very dynamic and whose interest is economic.

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The present research aims to analyze the way in which the Vinhais Velho Community contemplates the Memorial of the Archaeological Site of Vinhais Velho after the construction of the Expressway in São Luís-MA having been inaugurated in 2014. In this way, the research extends to a bibliographic analysis, however with field data from the author of current moments and those already experienced in other contexts. Therefore, as subjects of this study, I highlight the Social Agents who experienced closely the period in which the mega-enterprise was built, between its conflicts and manifestations. In this way, I intend to explain how the social effects from the construction of a mega-enterprise interfere in the lives of people who already have their most diverse ways of life, between daily life, festivities, cultural and social, as well as environmental, haste. Then, in a synthetic way, speeches of Agents who demonstrate dissatisfaction with having their environments interfered are described, where he greatest influence on the part of the elite class is perceived. Thus, the body of this dissertation unfolds as follows: the introduction points out the paths that led me to the object, as well as to the field, thus, my relationship with it, based on the disorders arising from the Covid-19 Pandemic, as well as as the conversation with the same through bibliographical readings. The chapter that follows explains a little about the history of the Tupinambá Peoples, who have their archaeological artifacts “preserved” in the Memorial. Furthermore, it is a chapter that approaches museological perception through anthropological theories. Finally, the last chapter makes a documentary analysis based on the Environmental impact study-Environmental Impact report, as well as the speeches of Social Agents, opposing what the State exposes as a defender of urban growth. “I conclude” this study with brief final considerations, which demonstrate the effects of the course of this work, based on this field that is constantly under construction.

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A análise busca abordar a compreensão do Estado a partir da visão das comunidades Nasa do Alto Cuembí, a partir de concepções centrais de seus argumentos nas relações de marginalização, que constituem sua relação com o Estado por meio de agentes privados por ocasião da consulta processo. . No início, a análise se concentrou nas noções gerais de Estado que permitiam a análise das comunidades e abordou a análise acadêmica a partir de conceitos como atos de Estado para nos aproximar, além das experiências particulares de dois colegas de trabalho no processo de consulta, a partir de conceitos como a colonialidade do poder e a ausência do Estado. É necessário explicar conceitos como o Estado Falso e o Estado da Máfia para compreender o planejamento econômico da guerra contemporânea baseado no “Plano Colômbia” como uma estratégia geopolítica que constitui o contexto global de desapropriação e caracteriza as formas contemporâneas de Estado ações que são explícitas de uma forma particular nos atos de Estado. Em um segundo momento, a análise incidirá sobre a visão comunitária das concepções do direito ocidental frente ao seu próprio direito e a análise das relações de subordinação do direito hegemônico, tendendo a questionar dois direitos humanos, em contraste com a vinculação ao direito consulta nos trechos de Socialização de dois impactos e Medidas de Gestão, Acordos e Protocolos, anexos a comentários sobre a situação e posicionamento de dois setores que estão em consulta, isso com o intuito de enfatizar a visão de subalternidade do Estado e sua relação como processo judicial, revelando as acusações de dois agentes do Estado fora do âmbito do processo de consulta. Ao contrário do exposto, a análise do reconhecimento de dois direitos indígenas no contexto latino-americano e a interpretação do território como sujeito de direitos no contexto jurídico colombiano, a jurisprudência internacional e nacional que caracteriza a consulta e a descrição dos a particularidade legal da consulta como As comunidades da Nasa do Alto Cuembí para entender o processo de consulta são retomadas. Por fim, traz uma perspectiva de análise que integra e destaca os aspectos mais importantes da minha opinião, para mostrar como o Estado é pensado na perspectiva da experiência da Nasa, através da experiência com os diversos agentes do Estado, que têm sido buscados por seus perante a vida das comunidades Nasa, constituindo uma complexa construção de agentes que através de seus atos constituem o poder do Estado imposto às comunidades Nasa.

The present research aims to analyze, in a critical and reflective way, a context of disproportion, suspension of concepts and inversion of values in which the relationship between “man” is found, assuming the condition of a god-self in his agonizing quest to eternalize himself. if faced with infinities with time and space, the "State" being hostage to corrupt groups and corruption and "Culture" taken as an ideology, alienating, dividing and massifying the vast majority of its makers, inserting them in a state of disputes completely disloyal to a sincerity as they are, acting without any social responsibility with what they do. A reality in which the subject of knowledge expresses an entire fragmented, extreme, individualistic, essentialist, utilitarian and instrumentalized context of reading, interpreting and understanding the world, which is the basis on which to build his condition of uncritical and thoughtless sociability on contradictions, contingencies and determinisms in a life always stipulated by others. For this investigation, I take as a cut, my experiences as director of Casa do Maranhão – SECMA, involved with the instigating, reflective and questioning experiences of living museums via the Traditional Knowledge and Ethnography Exhibition of the New Social Cartography and Policies Program of the Amazon, promoting a whole rethinking. of institutional museological practices and countless self-criticisms, quarrels, considerations being the starting point and main basis of this alleged dissertation.

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.This work aims to show a reflection on the modernization and urbanization process in Bairro Mata, closely related to the decline of family farming as an economic activity. The place of my research is Bairro Mata, located in a rural area near the capital São Luís and the object of study are local family farmers. I carried out an ethnography, where I described the neighborhood, the Matenses and the interaction between them. As a matense and author, I sought reflections on my insertion in the field and exposed the pros and cons of my academic and social position within the neighborhood. This research had the collaboration of active and retired farmers from Mata, in addition to their families. I was able to access some different points of view about the practice of local family farming, about the neighborhood's urbanization process, I accessed information, opinions about family farming and about education as a tool for social mobility and financial prosperity in both cases. Through the various speeches cited throughout this work, different perceptions were present and thus I was able to unveil new points of view that were previously hidden for not knowing them. Through life stories that they exposed to me, I tried to expose reflections on such environmental, economic and social transformations, relating them to family farming.

This dissertation aims to analyze agrarian conflicts in the Quilombola Territory of Camaputiua. Its presentation starts from the terms “charms” and “disenchantments” of human rights formulated by Rubio (2014). According to the author, the “charms” consist of the emancipatory dimension of human rights, with the liberation of the instruments of domination that prevent the realization of these rights. However, it presents a counterpoint to these “charms”, which would be the “disenchantments”. They consist of the difficulty in implementing human rights, from the moment that they are fixed only in theories, while the reality is totally different from the legal provisions. Soon, the legislation related to quilombolas was cataloged, evidencing the Federal Constitution of 1988 and Convention 169 about Indigenous and Tribal Peoples of the International Labor Organization. Then, the challenges for the implementation of these rights and the conflicts experienced by quilombolas as a result of these “disenchantments” were exposed, as well as the difficulty of access to the justice systems. The strong presence of the African-based religion was also evidenced, which is also considered a “charm” because of the close relationship between the enchanted and the quilombolas. Finally, we discuss the strategies of resistance of quilombolas in the face of these conflicts, showing the attempt to break with the system of domination and breaking stigma of victimization.

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Tambor de Crio ula, Santa Rosa dos Pretos, Identity, Resistance, Large Companies

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The social agents of the territory of Formoso have a history of resistance with antagonists related to territorial issues that extend from the context of occupation of their families in the place. In the last decades they have been experiencing other situations of conflicts related to the extensive creation of buffaloes in that region and the privatization of extensive areas of land by farmers and businessmen. From these issues, there are numerous other problems related to the privatization of areas of common use, devastation and deforestation. Faced with this situation of social tension, these social agents who define themselves as "quilombolas" have been mobilized aiming at the defense of the territory and free access to natural resources. Aim to reflect on the elements that underpin the self-definition as "quilombola". These elements have been activated in the process of claiming the territory vis-a-vis the Brazilian State. I also try to reflect on the restructuring of the strategies of exploitation by the so-called farmers and entrepreneurs, and also to understand which strategies of resistance have been used by the social agents interviewed in these situations. I will stick to the aspects referred to the set of knowledge, narratives and beliefs that are called by the so-called quilombolas to make mention of a concrete social situation. It should be pointed out that the analysis is done in such a way that the various domains of social life, namely the political, economic, social and religious domains, are not set out as separate paragraphs.

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quilombos; State; mining companies; territories; conflicts

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The following text, the result of a research for dissertation purposes, aims to bring a reflection on the representation of collective identities and traditional knowledge in both anthropology and Brazilian literature. For this, we think of ethnography as a moment of enlargement of literary and anthropological frontiers. In addition, we analyze the ways in which traditional knowledge and knowledge of quilombola communities were represented both in newspapers and in some texts of Brazilian literature. However, realizing that these social agents, members of the research, previously objects of studies of literature and anthropology, today have claimed the authorship of their stories and their self-representation, we bring the narrative of some of them and some of them so that they (s) are (a) present. We thus perceive that this representation can also be understood as a form of struggle by breaking with the external and stigmatizing classifications to which these agents are subjected daily.

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